What is true of Down’s syndrome?

Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body. They determine how a baby’s body forms and functions as it grows during pregnancy and after birth. Typically, a baby is born with 46 chromosomes.

Which of the following is a correct description of Down syndrome?

What Is Down Syndrome? Down syndrome is a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome. The extra chromosome causes delays in the way a child develops, mentally and physically. The physical features and medical problems linked to Down syndrome can vary widely from child to child.

What is the most common cause of Down syndrome quizlet?

About 95 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 — the person has three copies of chromosome 21, instead of the usual two copies, in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an individual with Down syndrome?

A few of the common physical traits of Down syndrome are low muscle tone, small stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm – although each person with Down syndrome is a unique individual and may possess these characteristics to different degrees, or not at all.

What are the 3 types of Down syndrome?

There are three types of Down syndrome:
  • Trisomy 21. This is by far the most common type, where every cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two.
  • Translocation Down syndrome. In this type, each cell has part of an extra chromosome 21, or an entirely extra one. …
  • Mosaic Down syndrome.

What is the karyotype of Down syndrome?

The trisomy 21 karyotype figure shows the chromosomal arrangement, with the prominent extra chromosome 21. Trisomy 21 is the cause of approximately 95% of observed Down syndrome, with 88% coming from nondisjunction in the maternal gamete and 8% coming from nondisjunction in the paternal gamete.

What are 4 characteristics of Down syndrome?

The characteristics of Down syndrome include low muscle tone, short stature, a flat nasal bridge, and a protruding tongue. People with Down syndrome have a higher risk of some conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.

What are the behaviors of Down syndrome?

A young child with Down syndrome that presents with persistent oppositional, impulsive, disruptive, irritable, and aggressive behaviors should be considered under a possible mood disorder.

What is Down syndrome give its symptoms and causes Class 12?

A person suffering from Down’s syndrome shows the following symptoms: Short stature. Small round head. Furrowed tongue and partially open mouth.

Why is it called Down syndrome?

Down syndrome is named after the English doctor, John Langdon Down, who was the first to categorize the common features of people with the condition. 2. Dr. Jerome Lejeune discovered Down syndrome is a genetic disorder whereby a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two.

What is the history of Down syndrome?

It is named after British doctor John Langdon Down, who fully described the syndrome in 1866. Some aspects of the condition were described earlier by French psychiatrist Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol in 1838 and French physician Édouard Séguin in 1844. The genetic cause of Down syndrome was discovered in 1959.

What is the most common cause of Down syndrome maternal nondisjunction?

Nondisjunction of chromosome 21 is the leading cause of Down syndrome. Two risk factors for maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21 are increased maternal age and altered recombination.

How do you explain Down syndrome to a child?

Other topics might include talking about using person-first language and not using the “R-word” and how to be a friend. Presenting facts about Down syndrome or writing a letter about your child that would be shared with parents of your child’s classmates are also effective ways to deliver your message.

Can Down syndrome have kids?

Misconception: People who have Down syndrome cannot have children. Reality: It’s true that a person with Down syndrome may have significant challenges in rearing a child. But women who have Down syndrome are fertile and can give birth to children.

Is Down syndrome caused by Nondisjunction?

Down syndrome is caused by a random error in cell division that results in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. The type of error is called nondisjunction (pronounced non-dis-JUHNGK-shuhn).

Why is it important to know about Down syndrome?

Down syndrome is associated with increased risks of some health problems, including heart defects, hearing loss, weakened immune systems, poor eyesight and a heightened risk of early-onset dementia. Many of these problems are treatable given knowledgeable and well-resourced medical care.

What is Down syndrome in psychology?

a chromosomal disorder characterized by an extra chromosome 21 and manifested by a round flat face and eyes that seem to slant (the disorder was formerly known as mongolism).

How does Down syndrome affect quality of life?

Children with Down syndrome have a higher incidence of infection, respiratory, vision and hearing problems as well as thyroid and other medical conditions. However, with appropriate medical care most children and adults with Down syndrome can lead healthy lives.

What do Down syndrome people need?

Children with Down syndrome have delays in speech and motor skills, and may need help with self-care, such as dressing and grooming. Medical problems associated with Down syndrome can vary widely from child to child. While some kids and teens need a lot of medical attention, others lead healthy lives.

Is Down syndrome dominant or recessive?

An autosomal recessive disorder requires two copies of the abnormal gene for the disease or trait to develop. But Down Syndrome itself is neither dominant nor recessive. Trisomy 21 is an extra copy of chromosome 21.

How does Down syndrome affect a child’s development?

Down syndrome is a genetic condition that happens when a child is born with an extra chromosome. The extra chromosome affects the way the child’s brain and body develop, leading to developmental delays, intellectual disability and an increased risk for certain medical issues.

What part of the brain is affected by Down syndrome?

Our preliminary findings suggest that people with DS have decreases in the volume of gray and white matter in the frontal lobes and cerebellum. These findings are interesting since the frontal lobes are thought to perform roles in language and memory.

How do we treat Down syndrome?

Down syndrome cannot be cured. Early treatment programs can help improve skills. They may include speech, physical, occupational, and/or educational therapy. With support and treatment, many people with Down syndrome live happy, productive lives.